Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide hormone found throughout the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, immune system, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a potent regulatory peptide widely distributed in the brain, lungs, immune cells, gut, cardiovascular system. It exerts its effects through cAMP signaling, vasodilation, immune modulation, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. Key cellular actions include suppression of TNF-a, IL-6m IL-12, increases IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine), regulates Th1/Th2/Th17 balance, and protects endothelial and epithelial barriers.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide hormone found throughout the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, immune system, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a potent regulatory peptide widely distributed in the brain, lungs, immune cells, gut, cardiovascular system. It exerts its effects through cAMP signaling, vasodilation, immune modulation, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. Key cellular actions include suppression of TNF-a, IL-6m IL-12, increases IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine), regulates Th1/Th2/Th17 balance, and protects endothelial and epithelial barriers.